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Náměstí G. Karse 7/2
Kralupy nad Vltavou
278 01

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Adhesive bonding has attracted more and more attention in recent years and its share across industry (automotive, construction, etc.) is increasing. This is mainly due to the good mechanical properties and low technological demands of bonding compared to conventional methods such as welding.

Adhesive bonding is a method of material bonding using adhesive, where a permanent, non-detachable joint is formed.

An adhesive is a substance that has the ability to bond two surfaces based on adhesion and its own cohesion. Adhesion and cohesion are thus essential properties defining the substance as an adhesive.

Adhesion of the adhesive to the surface is based on the molecular structure of the adhesive and results from the action of physical, chemical and intermolecular bonding forces. Several models have been developed for the description of adhesion:

  • Mechanical theory. Adhesion is caused by solidification of an adhesive in cracks, cavities and pores of bonded material.
  • Electrostatic theory. Adhesion is based on electrostatic forces and the adhesive/material interface can be described as a capacitor.
  • Diffusion theory assumes mutual diffusion of macromolecules of an adhesive and polymer material intended for bonding.
  • Chemical bonding assumes formation of chemical bonds at the adhesive/material interface
  • Adsorption (thermodynamic) theory. Unlike the theory of chemical bonding, adsorption theory assumes formation of a joint through intermolecular interactions of van der Waals forces.

Cohesion of the adhesive is related to the intermolecular and valence forces in the adhesive structure. The amount of energy required to pull the adhesive particle out of the structure is characterized by decohesive energy.

Adhesive bonding is at present a fully-fledged alternative to other materials bonding techniques. The main advantages are:

  • variability of materials that can be combined,
  • variability of desired properties of the final joint,
  • minimizing the risk of corrosion damage due to galvanic corrosion when different metals are connected,
  • absorption of vibration and high fatigue resistance.

Disadvantages of adhesive joints are above all in the necessity of a proper surface preparation and precise compliance to the recommended procedure, including the need to fix the bonded materials until the adhesive cures in the joint. Service life of the joint also depends heavily on the environment and temperature. Factors affecting the quality and functionality of the adhesive joint can be divided into three categories:

 

Material

Adhesive

Conditions

•       surface geometry

•       wettability

•       surface cleanliness

•       solubility

•       swelling

•       thermal expansion

•       degree of polymerization

•       viscosity

•       homogeneity

•       pH

•       volume stability

•       structure and composition of the filler

•       construction of the joint

•       surface treatment

•       application of the adhesive

•       pressure and fixation

•       cure conditions

 

Notes to selected factors:

  • Surface of the material needs to be sufficiently wettable for quality joint.
  • Solubility and swelling represent in most cases undesirable interactions between adhesive and the material.
  • Thermal expansion. Different thermal expansion of the bonded material and adhesive or two dissimilar bonded materialsleads to increased mechanical stress and shorten the service life of the joint.
  • Volume stability. Volume contractions caused by the solidification of the adhesive can introduceadditional mechanical stress to the joint.
  • Construction of the joint. Choice of suitable layout and joint geometry based on expected load.

A wide range of adhesives and adhesive systems currently available can be sorted by a variety of aspects and properties:

  • By origin:
    • Natural or synthetic.
    • Inorganic and organic.
  • By curing mechanism:
    • Reactive
      • cured by hardener (multi-component adhesives),
      • cured by presence of relative humidity,
      • cured by temperature,
      • cured by radiation (UV),
      • cured in anaerobic conditions (when in contact with metal).
    • Non-reactive
      • hot-melt adhesives,
      • solvent based adhesives,
      • dispersion adhesives,
      • contact adhesives.
  • By chemical composition:
    • Epoxy, acrylate, rubber, cellulose derivate adhesives, polyurethane etc.
  • By thermal properties:
    • Thermosetting.
    • Thermoplastic.
    • Rubber.
  • By viscosity, by water resistance etc.

 

Evaluation of bonded joints properties

Properties of bonded joints are determined by a range of procedures and tests:

  • Evaluation of tensile, shear, peeling, static and impact strength of bonded joints by standardized tests. Sample geometry and type of stress vary based on the test. After the test, adhesive and cohesive failures of tested bond are evaluated.
  • Evaluation of aging, e. effect of temperature, humidity, UV radiation and environment on long-term durability and properties, for example in cyclic tests.
  • Non-destructive methods such as defectoscopy (acoustic, ultrasonic) to detect hidden joint defects. These procedures cannot determine the strength.

Testing of long-term stability of adhesives Testing of long-term stability of adhesives

Testing of long-term stability of adhesives

Exposure of samples with bonded joints in corrosion chamber

Technopark Kralupy currently offers testing according to the following standards:

ISO 4624 Paints and varnishes – Pull-off test for adhesion. It is a quantitative evaluation of the coating adhesion to a metallic substrate. The coating can be tested in cured form or after exposure test, e.g. accelerated corrosion test VW P1210 or after degradation of the organic coating by ultraviolet or broad-spectrum light.

Adhesion testing by pull-off

Adhesion testing by pull-off

Sample preparation for pull-off test according to ISO 4624

Adhesion testing by pull-off

Device for pull-off test according to ISO 4624

ISO 9142 Adhesives – Guide to the selection of standard laboratory ageing conditions for testing bonded joints. Test for degradation of bonded joints in various configurations:

  • Conditions simulating atmospheric exposure (23 ± 2 °C, 50 ± 5 % relative humidity, RH).
  • Increased temperature (20-200 ° C).
  • Reduced temperature (-20 and -40 ° C).
  • Constant elevated or reduced humidity (25-100 % RH).
  • Increased atmospheric pressure.
  • Cyclic variations of the conditions (combination of the above).

Tests of bonded assemblies – test of the strength of a bonded joint under mechanical load. The test can be done in several configurations:

  • T-peel test (ISO 11339, ASTM D5170, ASTM F88).
  • 180-degree peel test (ISO 8510-2, ASTM D1000, ASTM D3330).
  • 90-degree peel test (ISO 8510-1, ISO 29862, ASTM D5109, ASTM 2861, ASTM 5375).

EN 1465 Adhesives – Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of bonded assemblies. Test to assess the mechanical strength of a bonded joint under shear mechanical loading.

ISO 4587 Adhesives – Determination of tensile lap-shear strength of rigid-to-rigid bonded assemblies.

ISO 10365 Adhesives – Designation of main failure patterns. Regulation defining the type of failure at various interfaces (adhesion), in the bonded material (decohesion), etc.

ISO 175, ISO 291, ISO 483 – Tests of chemical resistance. Mostly immersion tests to assess the resistance to chemicals in liquid form.

ISO 4892-1, ISO 4892-2, ISO 4892-3 – Radiation degradation tests. Tests of degradation of plastics in broad-spectrum radiation, which corresponds to the spectrum of solar radiation or in the narrow spectrum of UV (UV-A, UV-B) radiation. Critical test to assess the resistance of adhesives, especially in exteriors. For more information, see the climatic tests.

 

Literature:

Petrie, E. M. Handbook of Adhesives and Sealants, 1st ed.; McGraw Hill Professional, 1999.
Pizzi, A., Mittal, K. L., Eds. Handbook of Adhesive Technology, 2nd ed.; Marcel Dekker, Inc.: New York, 2003.

 

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

 

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2017–2020 Technopark Kralupy

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Home | ALCOAT in a nutshell | → How do we do that | → Expected outcome | → Team | → Further information→ Contact

ALCOAT PROJECT

Steel corrosion (WWII Fortification, Finistere, France)

Steel corrosion (Great Wall, Badaling, China) Delamination of organic coating (Jilemnice, Czech Republic)

 

 

 

Recycled aluminium alloy coatings with chemically tailored electrochemical potential for safe protection of steel structures

 

We aim to develop new families of aluminium-based coatings from aluminium scrap for the protection of steel.

ALCOAT in a nutshell

Zinc coatingSteel is the world’s most important metallic construction material due to its advantageous mechanical properties, general availability, and low price. However, it must be protected against corrosion in most environments to provide a sufficiently long service life and meet the safety requirements. Today, zinc coatings are widely used for steel protection in automotive, construction, home appliances, renewable energy, and other industries, with the global market for zinc galvanised steel estimated at 174.6 billion US dollars in 2022. Of approximately 14 million tons of yearly worldwide zinc production, 60 % are used for steel corrosion protection. Zinc coatings applied by continuous hot-dip galvanising of steel sheets dominate the market. They bring strong economic benefits as a result of a longer service life of the final products and improved aesthetic properties. In particular, zinc coatings are unique in their ability to galvanically protect steel, serving as a sacrificial anode in defects. Corroding zinc polarises steel to a more negative potential where it does not corrode.

Corroding zinc coating (Le Conquet, Bretagne, France)Although currently indispensable in steel corrosion protection, zinc coatings have several drawbacks, namely:

  • Lower corrosion resistance in marine environments, requiring the application of thick coatings or costly additional means of corrosion protection such as organic coatings and cathodic protection for marine structures such as the hulls of ships and the towers of wind power plants.
  • Increased risk of hydrogen entry into steel in defects in zinc coatings due to steel polarisation and the consequent risk of hydrogen embrittlement (HE). In an extreme case, it can lead to a fracture of the affected steel part. This is of particular importance for high-strength steels gradually replacing traditional steel grades in automotive, construction, and elsewhere. 
  • Low recycling rate of zinc. According to the International Zinc Association, the end-of-life recycling rate for zinc is 45 % worldwide, with even a lower ratio expected for galvanised steel products (exact value not known). Currently, economic reserves are at 250 million tons, covering zinc consumption for another 20 years. In the long term, zinc resources can be depleted.

Thermal spray processThe only economically viable alternative metallic coating material, aluminium, is cheaper, lighter, widely available, and more corrosion resistant. However, it is unable to provide sufficient protection to steel in defects, leading to red rust formation, and thus it is used only marginally.

Microstructure of Al-Fe-X coatingTo solve these shortcomings, ALCOAT will develop two new families of aluminium alloy coatings for protection of wind towers, ships and other structures exposed to seawater and atmosphere, and steel sheet products for automotive, building, and home appliance industries. The coating composition and microstructure will be designed using advanced computational and molecular modelling. A novel, ground-breaking chemically-tailored potential difference concept will be developed and applied to precisely tailor the potential difference between the coatings and steel substrate in relevant environments. Application of this concept will ensure that the corrosion potential of the coatings is more negative than that of steel, thus guaranteeing sacrificial protection of steel in defects and protection against red rust formation, and is still more noble than that of zinc, which is in a range where the risk of hydrogen embrittlement exists.

The concept is schematically shown below.The concept

Thermal sprayingThe new coatings will be more sustainable than zinc coatings because of the lower corrosion rate, lighter because of the lower specific mass of aluminium, ensure savings of primary raw materials due to the use of iron-contaminated aluminium scrap, and improve the safety of steel constructions because of risk of hydrogen embrittlement.

Home | ALCOAT in a nutshell | → How do we do that | → Expected outcome | → Team | → Further information→ Contact

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Summary of all activities of Metallic Construction Materials group is here.

Principle of computed tomography

Computed tomography is a non-destructive imaging method capable of creating a 3D model of the scanned object showing its external and internal structure. X-ray passes through the scanned object to the detector and is partially absorbed. Information about the scanned object is obtained based on the amount of absorbed radiation. A large number of these projections are made, and the sample is gradually rotated after the individual images are taken until a 360° rotation is achieved. Individual sections of the material and a 3D model composed of groups of points, so-called voxels, are then created by the mathematical composition of the obtained data.

X-ray absorbance depends on the density of the material. Less dense materials with a lower proton number absorb only a smaller fraction of X-rays and appear dark in the images. Denser materials with a high proton number absorb X-rays more and, on the contrary, appear bright in the images. In order for the radiation to penetrate through materials with higher absorbance, it is necessary to apply a higher electrical voltage during its generation, which broadens the spectrum of X-ray radiation and achieves a higher penetration ability.

Equipment

The Diondo d2 microtomograph, which is available in the Technopark Kralupy, is capable of scanning at a resolution of up to 2 μm. It is equipped with a transmission tube capable of working at a voltage of up to 225 kV, a flat detector with a size of 417 × 417 mm, and a rotary table with a load capacity of up to 20 kg. The VGStudio 3.4. program is used for data processing.

 ◳ Tomograph1 (jpg) → (originál)

 ◳ Tomograph2 (jpg) → (originál)
Microtomograph Diondo d2  Interior of Diondo d2 microtomograph

  

Possibilities of computed microtomography

Computed microtomography has a wide range of applications in the analysis of the internal structure of a material. The non-destructive nature and relatively short measurement time, combined with the universality for different types of materials, make this method interesting for various applications in material research.

The size of the sample that can be observed depends on the type of material. Samples from light materials (e.g., polymers) can have a thickness of up to 20 cm in full cross-section, while for example steel samples can only be examined at a thickness of less than 2 cm in full cross-section due to their higher absorbance. Approximate values of maximum material thicknesses are summarized in the table below.

Material

Maximal thickness [mm]

Polymer

220

Aluminium

120

Light ceramics

140

Steel

20

Analysis of internal material defects

With the help of microtomography, internal material defects can be visualized with relatively high accuracy and their size and morphology can be described. These defects include cracks, shrinkage, pores, cavities, etc. Software tools for data processing allow to create a whole range of visualizations that facilitate the interpretation of the obtained results. A few examples are given below.

The first set of images shows a climbing anchor that has developed a crack due to corrosion cracking. As seen from the images, the crack passes through the entire volume of the sample and has a branched morphology. Although the anchor did not fracture in this case, the material will no longer exhibit the required mechanical properties.

 ◳ Tomograph3 (jpg) → (originál)

 ◳ Tomograph4 (jpg) → (originál)

  

The second set of images shows a casting of the high entropy alloy CoCrFeNiMn. These alloys show some interesting mechanical properties, but when processed by casting, they contain a significant amount of shrinkage, which is highlighted in red in the images. The shrinkages can be well recognized and described using computed tomography.

 ◳ Tomograph5 (jpg) → (originál)

 ◳ Tomograph6 (jpg) → (originál)

  

Computed microtomography can also be used for quality control of industrial products. The pressed product in the following picture contains a large number of cracks and was therefore not processed by the correct procedure.

 ◳ Tomograph7 (jpg) → (originál)

 ◳ Tomograph8 (jpg) → (originál)

  

Multimaterial analyses

As mentioned above, the absorbance of X-ray radiation depends on the proton number or the density of the material. This can be used when examining samples composed of several types of material. By analysing the gray levels, i.e., the intensity of the radiation weakened by passing through the scanned object, we can distinguish the individual materials in the images. An example is the image below showing a polymer filter composed of materials of different densities.

 ◳ Tomograph9 (jpg) → (originál)

 ◳ Tomograph10 (jpg) → (originál)

  

Determination of material porosity

Due to the ability to distinguish different types of materials, pores in the internal structure of the sample can also be distinguished. This is useful for determining total porosity, especially in the case of closed pores.

Shape and size comparison

Computed microtomography provides images with comparatively high resolution (µm to tens of µm). This can be used to compare the shape and size changes of different components due to wear, formation of deposits or corrosion products. The visualization shows engine intake valves after production and after years of service when in some places the dimensions of the valve are larger due to the formation of deposits. Similarly, it is possible to compare finished products with a CNC or a 3D printing model.

 ◳ Tomograph11 (jpg) → (originál)

  

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2022 Technopark Kralupy

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Summary of all activities of Metallic Construction Materials group is here.

Thanks to great mechanical properties, processability, availability of iron ore and low cost is steel the most widely used metallic construction material. The amount of steel used worldwide is more than 30 times higher than that of aluminium and its alloys. However, non-alloyed and low-alloyed steel grades are prone to corrosion in water, wet atmosphere and soil. To avoid formation of red corrosion products (rust) on a steel surface, it needs to be protected for majority of applications. Painting is, by far, the most commonly used corrosion protection method. A protective paint system can be composed of a single layer or several layers of organic, or less often inorganic, paint films applied on a well prepared steel surface. Through selection of chemical composition, thickness and number of paint layers, the protective ability of a paint system can be tailored to fit the intended application. There are few micrometres thick single-layer coatings for temporary corrosion protection or for use in very low corrosive environments, as well as robust paint systems composed of several layers with different properties as thick as 1 mm for protection under the most aggressive conditions.

 ◳ Degradace vrchní vrstvy organického povlaku (clearcoat) na karosérii automobilu (jpg) → (šířka 450px)

 

Standards EN ISO 12944-1 to 9 were designed to simplify selection of the right paint system from numerous options available on the market. They introduce a system of classification of atmospheric and water environments and recommend paint systems suitable for particular corrosivity classes. It helps designers, project architects and end users in selection of a paint system with appropriate durability.

  • Part 1 (EN ISO 12944-1) describes general principles of corrosion protection of steel structures and products by paints.
  • Part 2 (EN ISO 12944-2) defines classes of corrosion aggressiveness of atmospheres (C1 – Very low, C2 – Low, C3 – Medium, C4 – High, C5 – Very high and CX – Extreme) and presents corrosion risks of steel structures immersed in water or buried in soil (Im1 – Clear, fresh or potable water, Im2 – Sea or brackish water, Im3 – Soil, Im4 – Sea or brackish water with cathodic protection).
  • Part 3 (EN ISO 12944-3) deals with construction aspects and identifies suitable and unsuitable solutions in view of corrosion protection by paints.
  • Part 4 (EN ISO 12944-4) describes surface preparation methods and requirements for the resulting surface state.
  • Part 5 (EN ISO 12944-5) recommends paint systems suitable for particular corrosivity classes as a function of required durability. The durability is expressed by four ranges as Low (L) to 7 years, Medium (M) from 7 to 15 years, High (H) from 15 to 25 years and Very high (VH) over 25 years.
  • Part 6 (EN ISO 12944-6) specifies laboratory performance test methods for determination of the paint system durability.
  • Part 7 (EN ISO 12944-7) defines painting application conditions.
  • Part 8 (EN ISO 12944-8) provides recommendations for development of specifications for paint application.
  • Part 9 (EN ISO 12944-9) deals with paint systems for marine climates and other extremely corrosive atmospheres and for corrosion protection of steel structures in sea water in combination with cathodic protection.

Technopark Kralupy offers a complete service for determination of the paint system durability (C3-H, C2-M, C4-VH etc.). In our laboratories, we will:

  • Prepare test samples (carbon steel CR4 according to ISO 3574 of 150×100 mm and thickness of 3 mm);
  • Blast clean the samples (Sa 2½ according to EN ISO 8501-1 with medium degree of roughness G according to EN ISO 8503-1);
  • Apply specified paint films using provided paints (spraying or other requested method);
  • Verify the paint film thickness (magnetic induction method);
  • Determine the paint adhesion (cross cut test according to EN ISO 2409 or pull-off test);
  • Fabricate scribes (milling, 50 mm long and 2 mm wide scribe following requirements of EN ISO 12994-6, A.1);
  • Carry out the condensation test (EN ISO 6270-2) and accelerated corrosion test in neutral salt spray (NSST, EN ISO 9227);
  • Evaluate paint system degradation (blistering according to EN ISO 4628-2, degree of rusting according to EN ISO 4628-3, cracking according to EN ISO 4628-4, degree of flaking according to EN ISO 4628-5, delamination from scribe according to EN ISO 12944-6; Appendix A.2 and adhesion).

 

 ◳ Vzorek s vrypem (jpg) → (šířka 215px)  ◳ Vzorek po NSST (jpg) → (šířka 215px)  ◳ Vzorek po mřížkové zkoušce (jpg) → (šířka 215px)
Sample with a scribe Sample with a scribe after the neutral salt spray test Sample after a cross-cut test

 

If a paint system passes the requirements of EN ISO 12944-6, we will issue a Test protocol  certifying the paint system durability in an environment with given corrosivity classification.

 ◳ Certifikát 1 (jpg) → (šířka 450px)  ◳ Certifikát 2 (jpg) → (šířka 450px)
Example of a certificate for a paint system, which passed tests according to EN ISO 12944

 

We carry out qualification tests of paint systems for the most aggressive conditions of marine climate and sea water according to the requirements of EN ISO 12944-9, i.e. the cyclic weathering test combining UV degradation, water condensation, deposition of salt spray and freezing, the test of resistance against cathodic delamination according to EN ISO 15711, Method A and the immersion test in artificial sea water according to EN ISO 2812-2.

 

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

 

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2020 Technopark Kralupy

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Summary of all activities of Metallic Construction Materials group is here.

For corrosion tests, click here.

Water, heat, thermal cycles, sun irradiation and combination of these factors cause changes in properties of natural and synthetic materials such as wood, leather, paper, textile, plastics, organic coatings and adhesives. Weathering tests are used for the assessment of material and product resistance against climatic degradation factors both in exterior and interior. The effect of climatic parameters on colour changes, gloss, strength, elasticity, adhesion and other properties is evaluated. The tests are used widely for example in automotive, textile, packaging and building industry.

Degraded organic paint UV degraded automotive paint Degraded organic coating

Our testing laboratory is equipped with climatic, condensation, UV, sun irradiation and other chambers, which allow us performing most standardized and customer-defined weathering tests.

We run weathering tests for industry and within research and development projects.

 

Water condensation and high humidity tests

EN ISO 6270-1 Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 1: Condensation (single-sided exposure)

EN ISO 6270-2 Paints and varnishes - Determination of resistance to humidity - Part 2: Procedure for exposing test specimens in condensation-water atmospheres

EN ISO 13523-25 Coil coated metals - Test methods - Part 25: Resistance to humidity
EN 13523-26 Coil coaled metals - Test methods - Part 26: Resistance to condensation of water
EN 13523-27 Coil coaled metals - Test methods - Part 27: Resistance to humid poultice (Cataplasm test)
ASTM D2247
ASTM D1735
DEF STAN 00-35, část 3, Method CL7
DIN 50017 (invalid)

 

Water condensation can cause corrosion degradation especially in enclosed locations. The tests are particularly suitable for painted substrates and for adhesives as an indication of tendency to blistering and loss of adhesion.
KLZ 3-1 Porovnání spekter (výška 215px)

 Weathering and UV resistance tests

The UV component of sun irradiation is an important degradation factor for organic, mostly polymeric, materials. Combination of UV irradiation, humidity and eventually other degradation factors cause susceptible materials to become brittle, chalk, crack, blister, change colour and gloss or otherwise lose their application properties.

Although the UV irradiation at wavelengths from 295 to 400 nm accounts for only 7% of total sunlight energy (visible light forms 55 % and infrared irradiation (IR) 38 % of sun irradiation reaching the Earth surface), it is responsible for almost entire degradation of organic materials. In the Czech Republic, the maximal irradiance reaches from 950 to 1350 W/m², which corresponds to radiant exposure of about 2 MWh/m² a year. The relevant yearly dose of UV irradiation can be applied artificially in a chamber with UV-emitting lamps in about 800 to 1800 hours. The exact exposure time depends on the irradiation intensity. There is a general rule that the correlation between an accelerated test and service experience will be better if the intensity of an artificial UV source is closer to sunlight intensity. Indeed, the lower is the UV intensity the longer is the test.

To break a bond in an organic molecule, energy corresponding to the bond strength has to be provided. Stable bonds such as O-H or C-H needs more energy to be broken than less stable bonds such as C-N, N-H or C-C. In view of UV degradation, stable bonds will be cleft only by high energy, i.e. low wavelength, irradiation. Besides direct cleavage of organic bonds, UV irradiation can initiate reactions with other substances such as oxygen. Interaction between irradiation and organic polymer matter necessitates absorption of an irradiation energy quantum, a photon. Ranges of irradiation wavelengths that can be absorbed in a particular material depend on the chemical composition, presence of pollutants and stabilizers (antioxidants, UV absorbers and extinguishers). Therefore, two products made of an identical polymer, e.g. PVC, may show dramatic differences in weathering resistance.

Following photochemical reaction may lead to polymer bond cleavage, monomer formation, cross-linking and other, usually undesirable reactions, which are macroscopically observable in degradation of functional properties of the product. The rate of degradation is affected also by heat (increase in temperature, dimensional changes and evaporation), presence of oxidants (oxygen, ozone, etc.) and water (chemical reactivity, increase in oxygen transport, erosion, freeze-thaw, thermal shocks).

Since the intensity and spectrum of sunlight depend on the Sun and Earth position (season), elevation, geographical location, daytime and orientation of exposed surfaces, it is practical to use standardized “average” spectra defined in Table 4 of the Publication #85 of the International Commission on Illumination (Commission internationale de l'éclairage, CIE) or in a US standard ASTM G177. They define the spectral irradiance at 340 nm as 0.68 and 0.73 W/m², respectively.

Currently, two types of lamps are used in weathering chambers: xenon arc and UV fluorescent ones. The former one provided a spectrum similar to sunlight including visible and IR components. The latter lamps emit mainly UV irradiation. Comparison of these UV sources is given in the chart.

KLZ 3-1 Porovnání spekter (originál)

Comparison of sun irradiation spectrum (A) and spectra of fluorescent lamp UVA-340 (B) and xenon arc with daylight filter (C); the chart is reproduced from the Technical bulletin LU-0822 „Sunlight, Weathering & Light Stability Testing“ of Q-Lab Corporation

 

Tests in a chamber with xenon arc lamps

Our testing laboratory is equipped with a Q-Lab Xe3 chamber, which can run complex tests on the effect of sunlight, heat and water on the weathering resistance of organic materials such as textile, geotextile, organic coatings and paints, packaging, plastics, adhesives and sealants and 3D products made of these materials. The spectrum can be adjusted specific optical filters inserted in between lamps and specimens. Daylight, indoor light behind window glass of different types and extended UV spectra can be simulated. Besides irradiation intensity and spectrum, the chamber can control surface temperature of specimens, air temperature and air relative humidity. In addition, it is possible to spray specimens with water or any other water solution, simulating e.g. acid rain. These factors can be combined in standardized and customer-defined programmable cycles.

Q-Sun chamber with xenon arc lamps Q-Sun chamber Sample arrangement in Q-Sun chamber

Figures are reproduced from materials of Q-Lab Corporation

 

Our laboratory can carry out tests according to the following standards in the chamber with xenon arc lamps:

General standards

IEC 68-2-9, ISO 4892-1, ISO 16474-1, ASTM G151, ASTM G155, MIL-STD-810G, GB/T 16422.1

Automotive

SAE J2412 (Ford, General Motors), SAE J2527 (Ford, General Motors), PV 1303 (Volkswagen), PV 1306 (Volkswagen), PV 3929 (Volkswagen), PV 3930 (Volkswagen), GMW 14162 (General Motors), GME 60292 (GM Opal), PF-1 1365 (Chrysler), VDA 75202 (BMW), ISO 105-B06 (Porsche), DBL 5555 (Daimler), DIN 75202 (Porsche, Daimler), 50451 (Fiat), FLTM EU BO 050-1 (Ford), GMW 14660 (General Motors), GM 9125P (General Motors), ISO 4892-2 (General Motors, Porsche), GMW 14170 (General Motors), DBL 7399 (Daimler), HES D6601 (Honda), JIS D0205 (Japan Autospec), ISO 11341 (International), ISO 4892-2 (International), ASTM D7356 (International), ASTM D7869 (International), ISO 105 B10 (International)

Roofing

ASTM D1670, ASTM D4434, ASTM D4637, ASTM D4798, ASTM D4811, ASTM D5019, ASTM D6083, ASTM D6878

Adhesives and sealants

ASTM C732, ASTM C734, ASTM C793, ASTM C1257, ASTM C1442, ASTM C1519, ASTM C1251, ASTM C1501, ASTM C1184, ASTM D904

Printing inks and paper

ISO 11798, ISO 12040, ISO 18909, ASTM D3424, ASTM D4303, ASTM D5010, ASTM D6901, ASTM F2366, GB/T 22771

Packaging

ASTM D6551

Textile

AATCC TM 16, AATCC TM 169, Adidas TM 5.11, GB/T 8427, GB/T 8430, GB/T 8431, GB/T 16991, IS: 2454, ISO 105-B02, ISO 105-B04, ISO 105-B06, ISO 105-B07, M & S C9, M & S C9A, CPAI-84

Geotextile

ASTM D4355

Photovoltaic

IEC 61345

Coatings

EN ISO 16474-2 Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-are lamps

ISO 11341, ISO 15110, ASTM D3451, ASTM D3794, ASTM D6577, ASTM D6695, GB/T 1865, MIL-A-8625-F, MIL-P-14105-D, JIS K 5600-7-7, MPI: #113, MS 133: Part F14, IRAM 1109-B14:2008, JDQ-533, #85 FMR

Plastics

EN ISO 4892-2 Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps

ISO 29664, JIS K 7350-2, DIN EN 513, ASTM D1248, ASTM D2565, ASTM D4101, ASTM F1515, EH-438-2, ASTM D4459, ASTM D5071, ASTM D6662, UL 1581, GB/T 16422.2, GB/T 29365

Rubber

ASTM D750, ASTM D925, ASTM D1148, ISO 3865, ISO 4665, GB/T 3511

Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics

FDA Part III, ICH Guideline

 

Tests in a chamber with UV fluorescent lamps

QUV chambers of Q-Lab are used for testing of roofing, sealants, plastics, textile, organic paints and automotive materials. Specimens are usually flat but there are sample holders able to accommodate 3D specimens as well. Specimens can be intermittently irradiated with UV, exposed to condensing water at different temperatures and sprayed with water. Most used are UVA-340 lamps with intensity maxima at 340 nm wavelength (outdoor conditions), but is it possible to apply UVA-351 (conditions behind window glass), UVB-313EL and FS-40 lamps (extreme conditions, high acceleration) and lamps emitting cool white light (simulation of conditions in office, commercial and retail buildings).

KLZ 5-1 QUV (výška 215px) KLZ 5-2 QUV detail (výška 215px)

Figures are reproduced from materials of Q-Lab Corporation

 

Our laboratory can carry out tests according to the following standards in the chamber with UV fluorescent lamps:

General standards

ASTM G-151, Standard Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources

ASTM G-154, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatus for UV Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials

BS 2782: Part 5, Method 540B (Methods of Exposure to Lab Light Sources)

Colts Standard Test – UV Dye Resistance to Fade - QUV

GB/T 14522 – Artificial Weathering Test Method for Plastics, Coatings, and Rubber Materials used for Machinery Industrial Products – Fluorescent UV Lamps

GSB AL 631 – International Quality Guidelines for the Coatings of Aluminum Building Components

ISO 4892-1 Plastics- Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources-Part 1: General Guidance

JIS D 0205, Test Method of Weatherability for Automotive Parts (Japan)

SAE J2020, Accelerated Exp. of Automotive Exterior Matls Using a Fluorescent UV/Condensation Apparatus

Plastics

EN ISO 4892-3 Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources-Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps

DIN 53 384, Testing of plastics, Artificial Weathering and Exposure to Artificial Light

UNE 53.104 (Stability of Plastics Materials Exposed to Simulated Sunlight)

JIS K 7350, Plastics - Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light Sources-Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps

ASTM D-1248, Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire and Cable

ASTM D-4329, Standard Practice for Light/Water Exposure of Plastics

ASTM D-4674, Test Method for Accelerated Testing for Color Stability of Plastics Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Lighting and Window-Filtered Daylight

ASTM D-5208, Standard Practice for Exposure of Photodegradable Plastics

ASTM D-6662, Standard Specification for Plastic Lumber Decking Boards

ANSI C57.12.28 Specification for Accelerated Weathering of Padmounted Equipment Enclosure Integrity

ANSI, A14.5 Specification for Accelerated Weathering of Portable Reinforced Plastic Ladders

Edison Electrical Inst. Specification for Accelerated Weathering of Padmounted Equip. Enclosure Integrity

Wisconsin Electric Power Specification for Polyethylene Signs

Adhesives and sealants

UNE 104-281-88 Accelerated Testing of Paints and Adhesives with Fluorescent UV Lamps

ASTM C 1501, Standard Test Method for Color Stability of Building Construction Sealants as Determined by Laboratory Accelerated Weathering Procedures

ASTM C-1184, Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants

ASTM C-1442, Standard Practice for Conducting Tests on Sealants Using Artificial Weathering Apparatus

ASTM D-904, Standard Practice for Exposure of Adhesive Specimens to Artificial Light

ASTM D-5215, Standard Test Method for Instrumental Evaluation of Staining of Vinyl Flooring by Adhesives

American Plywood Assn., Approval Procedures for Synthetic Patching Materials, Section 6

Printing inks

ASTM F1945, Lightfastness of Ink Jet Prints Exposed to Indoor Fluorescent Lighting

Textile

AATCC Test Method 186, “Weather Resistance: UV Light and Moisture Exposure”

ACFFA Test Method for Colorfastness of Vinyl Coated Polyester Fabrics

Coatings

EN ISO 16474-3 Paints and varnishes - Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources - Part 3: Fluorescent UV lamps

UNE 104-281-88 Accelerated Testing of Paints and Adhesives with Fluorescent UV Lamps

ASTM D-3794, Std. Guide for Testing Coil Coatings

ASTM D-4587, Std. Practice for Light/Water Exposure of Paint

GB/T 8013 Anodic Oxide Coatings and Organic Polymer Coatings on Aluminum and its Alloys

GB/T 16585 Rubber, Vulcanized Test Method of Resistance to Artificial Weathering – Fluorescent UV Lamps

GM 4367M Topcoat Materials - Exterior

GM 9125P Laboratory Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Material

ISO 11507, Exposure of Coatings to Artificial Weathering-Exposure to Fluorescent UV and water

ISO 20340, Performance Requirements for Protective Paint Systems for Offshore and Related Structures

JIS K 5600-7-8, Testing Methods for Paints

M5982-1990, Test Method for Accelerated Weathering

MS 133: Part F16: Exposure of Ctgs to Artificial Weathering- Exposure to Fluorescent UV and Water (ISO 11507)

NACE Standard TM-01-84 Procedures for Screening Atmospheric Surfaced coatings

NBR -15.380 Paints for buildings–Methods for performance evaluation of paints for non-industrial buildings – Resistance to UV irradiation/water vapor condensation, by accelerated test

NISSAN M0007, Fluorescent UV/Condensation Test

prEN 927-6– Pt. 6: Exposure of Wood Coatings to Artificial Weathering Using Fluorescent UV and Water

UNE 104-281-88 Accelerated Testing of Paints and Adhesives with Fluorescent UV Lamps

FED-STD-141B

Roofing

EN ISO 13523-10 Coil coaled metals - Test methods - Part 10: Resistance to fluorescent UV radiation and water condensation

BS 903: Part A54 Annex A & D, Methods of Testing Vulcanized Rubber

CGSB-37.54-M, Canadian General Standards Board Spec. for PVC Roofing & Waterproofing Membrane

DIN EN 534, Corrugated Bitumen Sheets

EOTA TR 010, Exposure procedure for artificial weathering

RMA Specification for Reinforced Non-Vulcanized Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Sheet for Roofing Membrane

ASTM D-4799, Test Method for Accelerated Weathering of Bituminous Roofing Materials

ASTM D-4811, Std. Specification for Non-vulcanized Rubber Sheet Used as Roof Flashing

ASTM D-3105, List of Test Methods for Elastomeric and Plastomeric Roofing & Waterproofing

ASTM D-4434, Std. Specification for PVC Sheet Roofing

ASTM D-5019, Std. Specification for Reinforced Non-Vulcanized Polymeric Sheet Used in Roofing Membrane

ANSI/RMA IPR-1-1990 Req. for Non-Reinforced Black EPDM Sheet for Roofing Membrane

ANSI/RMA IPR-2-1990 Req. for Fabric-Reinforced Black EPDM Sheet for Roofing Membrane

ANSI/RMA IPR-5-1990 Req. for Non-Reinforced Non-Black EPDM Sheet for Roofing Membrane

ANSI/RMA IPR-6-1990 Req. for Fabric-Reinforced Non-Black EPDM Sheet for Roofing Membrane

EN 1297, Flexible sheets for waterproofing—Bitumen, plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing —

Method of artificial ageing by long term exposure to the combination of UV radiation, elevated temperature and water

 

For corrosion tests, click here.

We can help with selection of the optimal procedure in view of the required product lifetime and service conditions.

We provide complete service including sample preparation and intermediate and final evaluation of the material stability. Our analytical, electrochemical, metallographic and further equipment allows for detail characterization of eventual degradation.

Blistered organic coating Delaminated organic coating ICP-OES analysis

 

Service data are often required for confirmation of laboratory results. We oversee field exposures at well-managed natural weathering sites in the Czech Republic and other European countries, USA, China and elsewhere.

KLZ 7-1 Stanice (1) (výška 215px) KLZ 7-2 Stanice1 (výška 215px) KLZ 7-3 Stanice2 (výška 215px)

 

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

 

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2017–2020 Technopark Kralupy

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BioMates (šířka 450px)

Technopark in European projects


Technopark Kralupy together with the Institute of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels ICT Prague involved in solving BioMates new project, which is funded by the Framework Program for Research and Innovation Horizon EU by 2020.

BioMates project is focused on the treatment of non-food biomass into chemical intermediates, which could be used in conventional processes of oil. The development of a process which would enable effective and decentralized processing residues from the non-food crop production and biomass, such as straw and perennial grass (Miscanthus x giganteus) is a key activity of the project. The aim of the project is to get out of the processing of biomass such bio-components, which are compatible with the current resource base for the production of motor fuels. These components would be then manufactured in existing refineries conformed for processing of fossil fuels. The resulting hybrid fuel should, despite the high content of bio-components could be used in conventional combustion systems.

The main task of ICT together with another Czech subscriber by RANIDO, Ltd., development and testing of a suitable catalyst system for the above described use. Besides ICT and RANIDO them into the project involved the Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety, and Energy Technology UMSICHT, Germany (project coordinator), Center for Research & Technology Hellas / ČeRth - Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute / CPER, Greece, Imperial College London , United Kingdom, ifeu - Institut für Energie- und Umweltforschung Heidelberg GmbH, Germany, Hydrogen Efficiency Technologies (HyET) BV, the Netherlands and BP Europa SE, Germany.

Name of Project: Reliable Bio-based Refinery Intermediates

Website: www. biomates.eu

Period of solution: 1. 10. 2016 – 30. 9. 2020

Principal investigator for UCT Praha: Ing. David Kubička, Ph.D. MBA.

EU m (originál)   BioMates m (originál)

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 727463.

This press release reflects only the authors’ view; the European Commission and its responsible executive agency INEA are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.

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BioMates (1) (šířka 450px)

The Technopark Kralupy, together with the Institute of Oil and Alternative Fuels of UCT Prague, has been involved in the solution of the new BioMates project, which is funded by the EU Horizon 2020 Framework Program for Research and Innovation.

 

 

Development and retrofitting of Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

 

Instrumentation retrofitting of research workplaces
Development of Technopark activities
Collaboration with entrepreneurs

BioMates (1) (šířka 450px)
BioMates (1) (šířka 450px)

 

Use of heat-resistant materials for advanced applications in vehicles

 

Research and use of composite materials with high thermal resistance in the transport industry

Creating a system for effective collaboration with the application sphere

 

Building internal and external infrastructure for effective collaboration with the application sphere

eu50 (šířka 215px)

Invitation

Title

State

MPO  OP PIK  Development of a low H2O2 gas phase detector Realization 
MPO  OP PIK  Photo papers - Vavex Realization
MPO  OP PIK Foam ceramic photocatalytic panels - Lanik Realization
MPO  OP PIK A new type of butter maker - B e H o Realization
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Invitation

Title

State

MPO  OP PIK Innovative voucher - Photocatalysis Done
MPO  TRIO Innovation of material requirements for products with high heat resistance Realization
GA ČR Hydrogenation catalysts Realization
GA ČR Effect of microstructure on hydrogen induced corrosion damage of high strength steels Realization
MPO  OP PIK Innovative voucher - Water glass Realization
MPO  OP PIK Innovative voucher - EKAZ Realization
MPO TRIO II Development of special polymeric material Realization
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eu text (šířka 215px) mpo (výška 215px)

Project title: Development and retrofitting of Technopark Kralupy of UCT Prague

Reg. No .: CZ.01.1.02 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 15_035 / 0007164

The main source of funding for the Technopark development and retrofitting project was the European Regional Development Fund, from which funds were provided through the Operational Program Enterprise and Innovation for Competitiveness, Infrastructure Services - Call I. in the total amount of CZK 17,071,500
The aim of the project is to upgrade Technopark's facility for equipment and technology that will contribute to:
- Extending specialized specialist services offered to cooperating businesses
- increase the attractiveness of TPKs for regional businesses and strengthen the competitiveness of the region
- extension of professional background and possibility of practical application for graduates of technical branches
- Enhancement of the possibilities for involving ICTs in grant projects especially for SMEs,
- increasing the professional scope of the workplace especially in the field of special technical tests and analyzes
- extending the range of cooperation with existing and new industrial partners, offering some equipment not requiring trained operators, increasing flexibility
- shortening the time of solving individual problems, speeding up the process of realizing new ideas
- an increase in the number of professionals working in the industrial sphere and involved in technology transfer
- Implementation of the measures resulting from the NRIS3 strategy and significant support for the implementation of the Regional Innovation Strategy of the Central Bohemia Region

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 originál

Building materials based on silicates

Silicate materials find applications in many industries. They are used for example in the construction industry (concrete, cement, lime), the ceramics and glass industries (from classic cups and glasses to special applications such as catalyst supports or special filters), in paint industries (binders and fillers), fireproof and refractory applications (the lining of domestic fireplaces to large foundry and glass furnaces) or in the restoration of artworks.Our group is focused on a number of projects in the field of silicates. We offer to our customers except the classic tests of materials also consulting and an expert services.

Research group of building materials based on silicates carries out sample testing of construction materials to withstand high temperatures, pressures and aggressive environment.

For testing of building materials we have a top-class laboratory equipment and qualified professionals in the properties of silicate building materials.

 

Tests at elevated and high temperatures

 

Mechanical tests

 
originál

Combined furnace

 

Standards:

ČSN EN – 993-6, ČSN EN – 993-7

Use:

Determination of flexural strength, E-modulus determination by static method in bending and creep bending at temperatures of 25-1550 ° C.

Max sample size:

25x25x160mm

originál

Equipment for determining the bending strength and pressure

MATEST C089 SERIE

 

Standards:

ČSN EN 1015-11, ČSN EN 772-6, ČSN EN 1170-4, ČSN EN 993-6, ČSN EN 843-1, ČSN EN 658-3 

Use:

Determination of compressive? strength (0-3000kN) and bending (0-15kN). Determination of Young's modulus by the static method (pressure).

Max sample size:

pressure: cube sizes up to 200 mm

    cylinder size up to d = 160mm, h = 320 mm
  bending up to 200x200x800mm

originál

Furnace for determination of corrosion resistance

refractory material by a melts

 

Standards:

ČSN P CEN/TS 15418

Use:

Determination of the corrosion resistance of refractories by a melt at temperatures of 25- 1650 ° C.
Available:
  A: Pouch corrosion test procedure
  B: Corrosion test by immersion of small bars, procedure
  C: Corrosion test in a rotating cylinder.


originál

Equipment for determining the bending strength and pressure

MATEST E183N

 

Standards:

ČSN EN 1015-11, ČSN EN 12808-3, ČSN EN 993-6

Use:

Determination of compressive strength (0-250 kN)
and bending (0-15kN).
Determination of Young's modulus by the static method (pressure).

Max sample size:

Pressure: S1 = 10-100 mm, W2 = 10 to 100 mm,
v = 20-180 mm
  Bend: 40x40x160mm

originál

Furnace for determination of load capacity in heat and creep in pressure

Standards:

ČSN EN 993-8

Use:

Determination of strength in the heat and creep under pressure
at temperatures of 25- 1650 ° C.

Max sample size:

d1 = 50mm, d2 = 12mm, h = 50mm

  

Instrumentation

Device name

Details

Combined furnace for determining

- bending strength at high temperature,

- E - module static method at high temperature,

- creep bending at high temperatures

Max. temperature 1550°C

Max sample size 150x25x25mm, load up to 2500N, deflection accuracy  4µm/1mm

ČSN EN – 993-6, ČSN EN – 993-7

Furnace for determination of corrosion resistance

refractory material by a melts

Max. temperature 1700°C, operating temperature 1650°C, 0-20 rpm,

ČSN P CEN/TS 15418

Furnace for determination of load capacity in heat and creep in pressure

Max. temperature 1650°C, accuracy  4µm/1mm, load up to 0,2MPa (3 ranges)

ČSN EN 993-8

Vicat automatic recording device

Determining the setting time of putty,

EN-UNI 196-3, DIN 1168 SADRA, ASTM C 191

Le-Chatelier water bath

EN196-3

Moisture analyzer

 

Laboratory oven VENTICELL

Tempering of materials with hot air forced by the fan. Designed for temperatures up to 250 ° C.

Drying MEMMERT UF75 with forced air

Max. temparature 300°C, interior width [mm] 400, interior high [mm] 560

Automatic laboratory mixer of mortal mixtures

EN 196-1

Electro-hydraulic testing machine with a drive unit
servo-plus

Determination of compressive strength (0-3000kN), flexural strength, modulus of elasticity

ČSN EN 1015-11, ČSN EN 772-6, ČSN EN 1170-4, ČSN EN 993-6, ČSN EN 843-1,

ČSN EN 658-3

Electro-hydraulic testing machine with microprocessor unit cyber-plus evolution

Determination of compressive strength (0-250 kN) and the bending (0-15kN), measuring the modulus of elasticity

ČSN EN 1015-11, ČSN EN 993-6

Laboratory mixer of concrete mixtures LMB - C1 CYCLOS

Preparation of concrete mixtures and mortars in a volume to 70 liters. The speed of the blades 48 rpm

Vibration high frequency table VSB-70 REM

Zhutňování betonových směsí běžného i vozovkového betonu

Compacting concrete mixtures of ordinary and roadway concrete.

Speed 2 000-10 000 rpm.

Autoclave

 V = 8l, Tmax = 300°C, pmax = 40bar

Large capacity cabinet for wet storing 

Storing large quantities of cement and mortar samples at saturated humidity and regulated temperature.

Diamond saw

There is even a blade for cutting metal samples

Equipment for measuring fluidity test

 ČSN EN ISO 4534

Furnace

Max. temperature 1200°C, diameterr x high = 170x230 mm

Climatic chamber

Temperature = -25 to +70°C

Water bath (Matest C304-02)

Capacity = 200l,

EN 196-8 EN ISO 679 ASTM C511 ASTM C109 EN 196-1

CARRYING OUT THE TEST

  • Flexural strength at temperatures 25-1550°C
  • Determination of E - module by static method (flexural) at temperatures 25-1550°C
  • Bend creeping at temperatures 25-1550°C
  • Firing at temperature up to 1650 ° C
  • Resistance to heat up to the temperature 1650°C
  • Creep in compression at temperatures up to 1650°C
  • Cutting of samples
  • Permanent linear changes in the heat
  • Loss on annealition
  • Compressive strength
  • Determination of E - module static method (compressive)
  • Density criteria
  • Grinding
  • Milling
  • Frost resistance

FIELDS OF ACTION

  • Measurement of basic physico - chemical properties of refractory materials
  • Expert assessment of the use of refractory materials and equipment
  • Expert assessment of manufacturing defects silicate materials
  • Applied research in the areas of shaped refractory materials
  • Development of new technologies for the preparation of ceramic refractory products
  • Applied research in the areas of unshaped refractory materials
  • Optimizing the properties of refractory repair and shotcrete mixtures 
  • Development of water glass for applications in construction and foundry
  • Expert assessment non-flammability, respectively heat resistantantability of materials

Assessment of the properties of materials under extreme conditions allows better understand the properties of materials, to determine their real life and in non-standard situations and avoid accidents buildings in crisis situations - fires or earthquakes.

Contact:

Department of silicate building materials 
Technopark Kralupy of The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague

Dr. Ing. Petr Antoš, Ph.D.
antosp@vscht.cz
Tel. +420 22044 6110, +420 22044 6130 

Ing. Jan Urbánek
urbanekj@vscht.cz
Tel. +420 22044 6121, +420 22044 4149

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originál

Building and Insulating Materials based on Plastics

The Research Group for Plastics Research focuses on research tasks related to new applications of plastics in industry and construction, as well as the role of plastics in environmental protection.
 
 ◳ DSC02964o (jpg) → (šířka 450px)
 
For this purpose, it is equipped with modern laboratory technology for research, analysis and testing of plastic properties.
 ◳ IMG_9190 1np Extruzní plastometr P (edited 7.12.20 23:11:44) (png) → (šířka 450px)

Contact:

Jana.Marelova@vscht.cz
Tel. 220 446 111

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Summary of all activities of Metallic Construction Materials group is here .

For weathering and climatic tests (degradation by UV and other climatic factors), click here.

Accelerated corrosion and weathering tests are useful tools for material selection, initial and residual life time prediction of bare and painted metallic, polymeric, adhesive and other materials in atmospheric exposure conditions and quality control. It is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, building, off-shore, military and infrastructure applications.

Beside generally known Neutral Salt Spray (NSS), Acetic Acid Salt Spray (ASS) and Copper-Accelerated Acetic Acid Salt Spray (CASS) tests, a number of modern cyclic corrosion tests including wet and dry phases has been developed. Because of more realistic conditions, their results correlate better to those from natural exposures and thus provide significantly improved predictive ability. The traditional NSS and its variants are more suitable for quality control.

Automated chamber for cyclic corrosion testing Automated chamber for cyclic corrosion testing Bronze statue damaged by corrosion

   

In our advanced automated corrosion chambers with a volume of 2000 and 1000 liters with temperature control from –40 to 80 °C and control of the relative humidity (RH) from about 20 to 100 %, we are able to perform tests according to most international, national and industrial standards for commercial applications and research purposes.

 

Cyclic corrosion tests

VDA 233-102, SEP 1850 (N-VDA)

This test has been created jointly by a group within the German Association of the Automotive Industry, VDA, with the aim to serve for the development of new materials and coatings. It allows for the assessment of the corrosion behaviour of components and of the corrosion protection provided by coating systems for applications in the automotive industry. The accelerated test covers in particular the delamination around a defined artificial defect in a coating as well as surface and cut edge corrosion on special test panels, bonding specimens or components. This laboratory-scale cyclic corrosion test is also suitable for assessing perforation corrosion in flanged areas or gaps (hem flanges) and of unpainted surfaces. This method induces corrosion processes and generates reproducible corrosion patterns which correlate well with the results obtained in natural weathering tests and driving operation. In particular, the corrosion patterns for steel, galvanised steel and aluminium closely reflect real-life phenomena. The test method is based on real corrosive climate conditions and delivers differentiated results for a large number of uses in automotive applications.
Automated chamber for cyclic corrosion testing

Schematic representation of VDA 233-102 cyclic corrosion test procedure

Conditions: Complex test including a variety of technical phases such as a salt spray phase (1 wt.% NaCl solution, pH neutral), wet and dry cycles at temperatures up to 50 °C and a freezing phase at –15 °C. Typical duration: 6 weeks. A week cycle is shown in the chart.

VW PV 1210 (Volkswagen Group)

This method is designed for corrosion testing of automotive materials conducted on completely painted bodies, body panels, assemblies and add-on parts with differing corrosion protection coatings. It serves to monitor and evaluate corrosion behaviour or corrosion protection measures when exposed to static load.

Conditions: 5-day cycle comprising of NSS (35 °C, 5 wt.% NaCl solution), dry phase and humid phase at 40 °C and 100% RH followed by 2-day rest at laboratory temperature. Typical duration: 3, 6, 12 or 18 weeks. A week cycle is shown in the chart.

Schematic representation of Volkswagen PV 1210 cyclic corrosion test procedure

VW PV 1209 (Volkswagen Group)

Conditions: Combination of the PV 1210 with cycles of rapid variations of temperature and RH from –40 to 80 °C and from 30 to 80 % RH. The chloride solution used for salt spraying is modified and contains 4 wt.% NaCl and 1wt.% CaCl2.
The high/low temperature cycle is designed for testing vehicle parts in the engine compartment in view of e.g. susceptibility to cracks, deformation, separation of the composite material, etc. It can be informative in view of paint stability as well.

Volvo STD 423-0014, VCS 1027,149 (ACT I), Scania STD4319

This test procedure is designed for assessment of corrosion resistance in environments with a significant effect of chloride ions, in particular in marine climates and in regions where de-icing salts are applied in winter for road treatment. It is used for metals and their alloys and metallic, conversion and organic coatings. In contrary to most other procedures, salt solution is applied in a form of rain with the deposition intensity of 15 mm/hour. Six weeks of the test simulate about 2 years of service in an area where de-icing salts are used during winter.
Conditions: Two times a week, samples are shortly contaminated with 1 wt.% sodium chloride solution acidified with sulphuric acid to pH 4.2. Wetting (35 °C and 95 % RH) and drying (45 °C and 50 % RH) cycles are altered for the rest of the time. A week cycle is shown in the chart.
Schematic representation of Volvo STD 423-0014 cyclic corrosion test procedure

Volvo VCS 1027,1449 (ACT II), Ford CETP 00.00-L-467

Salt solution is applied five times a week in a form of rain by an automatic device or, if it is not available, manually. Six weeks of the test corresponds to 2-4 years of car service in areas where de-icing salts are used. This  method differs from VCS 1027,149 (ACT I) in folowing aspects: (1) The corrosion rate for steel is approximately 50 % higher with respect to paint undercutting in confined mode (crevices, etc), but only 10 % higher for general corrosion in open mode; (2) The corrosion rate for zinc is in the order of 30 % lower for open corrosion, but 10-30 % higher for under-paint corrosion of galvanized steel; (3) The test method in this standard is applicable to painted aluminium, contrary to ACT I; (4) This method is better suited to corrosion testing of magnesium (due to longer time of macro wetness), especially when under bimetallic influence; (5)  This test is less efficient regarding pitting of aluminium and staining of anodized aluminium, due to the lower frequency of humid to semi-dry cycles; (6) Austenitic stainless steels may exhibit exaggerated red rust due to the comparatively high exposure temperature combined with cyclic drying (above critical pitting temperature).
Conditions: Five 24-hour workday cycles comprise each of 6-hour wet phase at 25 
°C with intermittent exposure to 0.5 wt.% sodium chloride solution, 2.5-hour transition drying period and 15.5-hour phase with constant temperature and humidity of 50 °C and 70 % RH. The same conditions are maintained during weekends.

Nissan CCT I (CCT 1)

Conditions: Repetition of 8-hour cycles with 4 hours of NSS (35 °C, 5 wt.% NaCl solution), 2 hours of drying at 60 °C and RH < 30 % and 2 hours of moistening at 50 °C and 95 % RH. Typical duration: 500 to 1500 hours.

Nissan NES M0158 (CCT IV, CCT 4)

Conditions: Repetition of 24-hour cycles with 4 hours of NSS (35 °C, 5 wt.% NaCl solution), 2 hours of drying at 60 °C and RH < 30 % and 2 hours of moistening at 50 °C and 95 % RH followed by 5 wet/dry cycles at constant temperature of 60 °C

Renault ECC1 D17 2028

Conditions: Test performed at constant temperature of 35 °C and comprising wet (90 % RH) and dry (55 % RH) phases. Sodium chloride solution with 1 wt. % NaCl at pH 4 is sprayed over samples during 30 minutes once a day followed by a drying phase at 20% RH. Typical duration: 6 weeks.

Toyota TSH1555G, Method C

The test procedure reproduces corrosion conditions on car bodies.
Conditions: Salt spray is applied at 50 °C for 4 hours, followed by drying at 70 °C for 5 hours, wetting at 50 °C and 85-90 % RH for 12 hours, drying at 70 °C for 2 hours and final drying at laboratory temperature for 1 hour. A week cycle is shown in the chart.

Schematic representation of Toyota TSH 1555G, Method C cyclic corrosion test procedure

PSA TCAC D13 5486 (Peugeot, Citroën)

Conditions: Salt spray with 1 wt.% NaCl solution at pH 4.1 and wet and dry cycling at a constant temperature of 35 °C.

BMW AA-0224 (PA-P 029)

Conditions: A day of salt spray at 35 °C, 4 days of intermittent condensation at 40 °C and repose in laboratory air and 2 days of repose.

Fiat 50493/05

Conditions: A cycle comprises of 3 hours of salt spray at 35 °C, 1 hour of drying at 60 °C, 12 hours of wet conditions at 95 % RH and 40° C, 1 hour of freezing at –10 °C and 6 hours of repose at 25 °C and at 60 % RH.

SAE J-2334, GM 954OP, GMW 14872

Procedure used throughout the North American (GM group) and Japanese (Suzuki, Mitsubishi) automotive industry. Since it is a field-correlated test, it can be used as a validation tool as well as a development tool. If corrosion mechanisms other than cosmetic or general corrosion are to be examined using this test, field correlation must be established.
Conditions: Test specimens are exposed to a changing climate that comprises of three repeating sub-cycles of 24 hours in total: 6 hours exposure to a water fog/condensing humidity at 50 °C; 15 minutes immersion in or a direct spray of salt water at ambient conditions; and air drying at 50 % RH and 60 °C. The contamination solution contains NaCl, CaCl2 and NaHCO3. 

JSAE JASO M 609, JASO M 610, ISO 14993, EN ISO 11997-1 Cycle A

A procedure designed for bare, metallic coated and painted steel panels for use in the automotive industry.
Conditions: Repetition of cycles of salt spray with neutral 5 wt.% NaCl solution at 35 °C (2 hours), drying phase at 60 °C and at 20–30 % RH (4 hours) and wetting condensing phase at 50 °C and at 95 % RH (2 hours). Typical duration: 30–180 cycles (240–1440 hours).

VDA 621-415, EN ISO 11997-1 Cycle B

The predecessor of VDA 233-102. Due to high chloride load, the test provides rather unrealistic results for non-protected metals comparable to those in NSS. It is used for testing of therally cured paint systems for automotive applications.
Conditions: 1 day of NSS (35 °C, 5 wt.% NaCl solution), 4 days of wet (40 °C / condensation) and  dry (23 °C / 50 % RH) cycling, 2 days at laboratory temperature and RH. Typical duration: 5 weeks (ISO) or 10 weeks (VDA).

ISO 16701 (CCT)

Conditions: Humidity cycling between 95 and 50 % RH at 35 °C with 6-hour salt spray sub-cycle carried out twice a week. The sub-cycle consists of 3 cycles of 15-minute spraying with a 1 wt.% NaCl solution acidified to pH 4.2 followed by a 105-minute period of wet stand-by.
The low pH level of the spraying solution simulates acidic precipitation present in industrialized areas.

ASTM D 5894

Cyclic corrosion and UV exposure of paints on metal using alternating periods of exposure in two different cabinets: a cycling salt spray/dry cabinet and a fluorescent UV/condensation cabinet.
Conditions: The fluorescent UV/condensation cycle is 4-hour UV at 0.89 W m–2 nm–1 at 340 nm and at 60 °C and 4-hour condensation at 50 °C. The salt spray/dry chamber runs a cycle of 1-hour salt spray at ambient temperature and 1-hour dry-off at 35 °C. The salt spray electrolyte contains 0.05 wt.% sodium chloride and 0.35 wt.% ammonium sulphate.

ASTM G 85, Practice A2 (Cyclic Acidified Salt Fog Testing

Modifications of NSS with humidity cycling and altered spraying solution.
Conditions: Six-hour repetitive cycles of 45 minutes of spraying with acidified 5 wt.% NaCl solution, 120 minutes of drying and 195 minutes of exposure to high RH.

ASTM G 85, Practice A3 (Acidified Synthetic Sea Water (Fog) Testing)

Modifications of NSS with humidity cycling and altered spraying solution. This test is particularly useful for production control of exfoliation-resistant heat treatments for the 2000, 5000, and 7000-series aluminium alloys. It is also applicable to developmental studies of varying heat treatment parameters to determine effect on corrosion behaviour. For this purpose, a temperature of 49 °C is recommended for the exposure zone. For testing organic coatings on various metallic substrates, an exposure zone temperature of 24 to 35°C may be used since temperatures in excess of 35°C frequently result in paint blistering.
Conditions: Two-hour repetitive cycles of 30 minutes of spraying with acidified artificial sea water and 90 minutes of exposure to elevated RH.

ASTM G 85, Practice A5 (Dilute Electrolyte Cyclic Fog/Dry Test, Prohesion)

Prohesion is a shortened form of “protection is adhesion”. It was designed for paints on steel and believed to be somewhat more representative of outdoor corrosion than NSS. Prohesion testing has been found especially useful for industrial maintenance coatings.
Conditions: Short cycles of 1-hour spraying with a diluted solution of sodium chloride (0.05 wt.%) and ammonium sulphate (0.35 wt.%) at pH 5–5.4 and 1-hour dry-off.

EN ISO 11997-1 Cycle C

A test developed for water based and latex paint systems.
Conditions: Repetition of phases of salt spray deposition made of sodium chloride (0.31 g/L) and ammonium sulphate (4.10  g/L), drying at 40 °C, wetting at 40 °C and 75 % RH, drying at 30 °C and condensation at 30 °C. A cycle takes 48 hours and the whole test includes 21 cycles (1008 hours).

EN ISO 11997-1 Cycle D, JIS K 5621

A test for paint systems.
Conditions: 30 minutes NSS (35 °C, solution of 5 wt. % NaCl), 90 minutes high humidity (30 °C / 95 % RH), 120 minutes hot dry (50 °C),  120 minutes warm dry (30 °C). This 6-hour cycle is repeated 28 times. The whole test takes 168 hours.

EN ISO 12944-9

This standard deals with performance of heavy-duty paint systems designed for protection of off-shore and similar structures.
Conditions: Each week cycle includes 3-day exposure to intermittent UV irradiation (4 hours, 60 °C) and water condensation (4 hours, 50 °C) according to EN ISO 16474-3, 3-day exposure to NSS according to EN 9227 and 1-day exposure at –20 °C. Typical duration: 10, 16 or 25 weeks.

IEC 60068-2-52

A collection of cyclic corrosion test methods for environmental testing of electronic equipment and products to assess their ability to perform under environmental conditions.
Conditions: The test methods include a 2-hour salt mist (salt spray) phase using 5% NaCl (Test method 1–7) or acidified  salt solution (Test method 8) at 35 °C, a humid phase at 40 °C and at 93 % RH (Test method 1–6) or at 50 °C and at 95 % RH (Test method  7, 8), and some of them also a dry phase  at 23 °C and at 50 % RH (Test method 3–6) or at 60 °C and at RH > 30 % (Test method 7, 8).

Other standard or custom-defined tests can be performed upon demand.

 

Salt spray tests (NSS/NSST, ASS, CASS)

Salt spray test chamber


  ·    EN ISO 9227 
  ·    EN ISO 13523-8 
 
·    ASTM B 117
  ·    IEC 60068-2-11
  ·    JIS Z 2371
  ·    MIL-STD-810G, Test Method 509.6
  ·    MIL-DTL-5541F
  ·    DEF STAN 00-35, Part 3, Test CN2
  ·    ASTM G 85, Practice A1 (AAS)
  ·    DIN 50021 (invalid)
  ·    EN ISO 7253 (invalid)
  ·    BS 7479 (invalid)
  ·    NF X41-002 (invalid)

NSS (5 wt.% solution of NaCl at pH 6.5–7.2 sprayed continuously over sample surface) is the oldest and still most widely used accelerated test recommended for corrosion assessment of metals and alloys, metallic coatings, conversion layers and organic coatings on metal substrates. ASS (5 wt.% NaCl acidified by acetic acid to pH 3.1–3.3) and CASS (further addition of cupper (II) chloride) are used for decorative coatings of copper, nickel and chrome or nickel and chrome and coated aluminium.

 

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) test in a humid atmosphere(Kesternich test) Kesternich corrosion chamber

 ·    EN ISO 22479
 ·    EN ISO 13523-23
 ·    ASTM G87
 ·    EN 60086-2-42
 ·    DIN 50018 (DIN 50018 - 1,0 S, DIN 50018 - 2,0 S, DIN 50018 - KFW 1,0 S, DIN 50018 - KFW 2,0 S, DIN 50018 - AHT 1,0 S, DIN 50018 - AHT 2,0 S)
 ·    ISO 6988 (invalid)
 ·    ISO 3231 (invalid)
 

Kesternich testing (determination of resistance to humid atmospheres containing sulfur dioxide) was originally developed to model exposures of painted metals to industrially polluted atmospheres. Due to high sulphur dioxide concentrations, the correlation between results of field and Kesternich tests is limited. However, the SO2 tests proved to highlight efficiently presence of pores and other defects in organic and metallic coatings and their use has thus been growing in past years.
Conditions: Parts or panels with the total surface area of 0.5 m2 are placed inside a 300-litre chamber where 0.2, 1 or 2 litres of SO2 is introduced or generated and high humidity (condensation conditions) maintained for 8 hours. According to Method B, these periods are alternated with 16-hour repose at laboratory temperature at at relative humidity close to 50 %. When Method A is used, no drying is applies. A cycle takes 24 hours. Test duration is 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 or more daily cycles. 

 

Other corrosion tests

EN ISO 12944

Procedures for performance testing of painted steel structures aimed for application in atmosphere with defined corrosivity are described. It is described here.

IEC 61646, Part 10.12

The procedure is similar to PV 1200. It was developed for photovoltaic panels but can be used as a very tough test of paint stability in view of adhesion and tendency to blistering.
Conditions: The test comprises at least ten 24-hour cycles at 85 % RH with the temperature varying between laboratory temperature, 85 °C, and –40 °C with two rates of cooling and heating at 100 and 200 °C per hour.

DEF STAN 00-35, Part 3, Test CN3

This test is applicable to materiel which is liable to be exposed to acidic atmospheres, particularly when deployed in industrial areas or near exhausts of any fuel burning appliance.
Conditions: The test procedure is comprised of test cycles each consisting of 2 hours exposure to an acid-laden atmosphere and a period of storage at 40 °C and 93 % RH.

DEF STAN 00-35, Part 3, Test CN4

The test is intended to determine the response of materiel to any potentially damaging effects of contaminating fluids such as fuels, oils, solvents, cleaning fluids, disinfectants, etc.

 

For weathering and climatic tests (degradation by UV and other climatic factors), click here.

We can help with selection of the optimal procedure in view of the required product or structure lifetime and service conditions.

We provide complete service including sample preparation, intermediate evaluations, e.g. for the assessment of time to red rust appearance, final evaluation and documentation of actual test conditions. The extent of intermediate and final assessment can be tailored according to the customer needs, following standards such as EN ISO 4628 on the evaluation of degradation of organic coatings (rusting, cracking, chalking, blistering, flaking, filiform corrosion, delamination), or particular customary procedures. Our analytical, electrochemical, metallographic and other equipment allows for in-detail analysis of corrosion degradation in terms of uniformity, mean and maximal pit depth, composition of corrosion products, paint delamination morphology and mechanism, paint adhesion (EN ISO 2409, ASTM D3359), paint water uptake, hem flange corrosion, etc.

Panel with organic coating damaged by blistering Panel with organic coating damaged by delamination ICP-OES analysis

In addition to standard tests, we offer the possibility to develop customary tests according to your specific needs. A battery of dc and ac electrochemical methods and immersion tests in combination with procedures listed above constitute a strong basis for proper assessment of material stability.

Service data are often required for confirmation of laboratory results. We oversee field exposures at well-managed natural weathering sites in the Czech Republic and other European countries, USA, China and elsewhere. The accelerated outdoor test by intermittent spraying of a salt solution according to ISO 11474, the SCAB (Simulated Corrosion Atmospheric Breakdown) test, can also be carried out.

Accelerated corrosion testing will help you reducing detrimental effects of corrosion. Exposure site, Qingdao, China

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

 

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2017–2020 Technopark Kralupy

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originál

Photocatalytic materials and technologies

Responsible worker

Expert adviser

Department of UCT Prague

Ing. Michal Baudys, Ph.D.

Prof. Dr. Ing. Josef Krýsa

Department of Inorganic Technology

 

šířka 450px

 

1.  Offered services

 2.  Research and development activities  3.  Equipment

determination of photocatalytic activity in gas phase using ISO standard methods

(removal of NOx, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde)

development of new photocatalytic materials, pigments and paints

apparatus for determination of photocatalytic activity in the gas phase according to the ISO methodology (including NOx analyzer. GC-FID chromatograph)

determination of photocatalytic activity using smart inks

 

development of new methods of photocatalytic activity assessment

equipment for the preparation of photocatalytic coatings, dispersions and active surfaces (dissolver, Turrax homogenizer, ultrasonic bath,)

equipment for application of photocatalytic active layers (dryer, set of round wound rot K-bars)

consultation in the field of photocatalytic materials

standardization

colorimeter for objective color measurement

 

The specialization of the group is focused on evaluation of photocatalytically active surface such as glass, ceramics, paints, concrete, textiles etc. Semiconductor photocatalysis represents promising method for removing pollutants from the environment, whether it is a degradation of toxic substances dissolved in water (pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals), in air (VOCs, NOx) or solid phase (fats). Another application is based on the ability to inactivate growth of the microorganism.

Application of photocatalysis can be divided in two main areas:

  • self-cleaning surfaces – the current application of such surface is mainly with regard to exterior facade paints which, via the photocatalytic processes are not susceptible to soiling and so help exterior of the building clean
  • air or water treatment- -based on the ability of photoactive material to oxidative decompose of specific undesirable substances present in the polluted air or water. This makes it possible to suppress some of the adverse effects of human activities, eg. air pollution in densely populated areas. Application of such methods it is possible to suppress some of the adverse effects of human activities. (air pollution in densely populated areas.)

 

 

Cooperation:

originál

Faculty of Civil Engineering. CTU Prague

 

originál

Queen’s University Belfast

 

šířka 215px

Leibnitz Univerzität Hannover

 

šířka 215px

Technishe Universität Berlin

 

Determination of photocatalytic activity in gas phase using ISO standard methods

These ISO standard methods are suitable for testing of photocatalytic products (paints, tiles, etc.) in terms of their ability to degrade of pollutants in the air.

Standard ISO methods of photocatalytic activity assessment in gas phase are based on photocatalytic degradation of pollutant such as NOx, formaldehyde in air during irradiation of sample by UV light in trough-flow photoreactor. Photocatalytic activity is than expressed as an amount of degraded pollutant during test.

 originál

Apparatus for photocatalytic activity assessment in gas phase using ISO methodology

 

 

standard

ISO 22197-1

ISO 22197-2

ISO 22197-3

ISO 22197-4

pollutant

NO

acetaldehyde

toluene

formaldehyde

Overview of the installed ISO methods, ISO 22197-3 (removal of toluene) is realized in cooperation with the Department of Inorganic Technology

Dimensions of sample:

The standard sample size is 5x10 cm (thickness 4 and 8 mm).

 

 

Determination of photocatalytic activity using new rapid method based on smart inks

This method is suitable for rapid testing of various photocatalytic materials such as self-cleaning glass, paints, and tiles. The principle of method is based on color change of dye in ink which occurs on photocatalytic surface. Currently, this method is in preliminary proceedings for the ISO standard.

Smart inks contain besides dye also glycerol which act as a sacrificial electron donor. Photogenerated holes oxidized glycerol to glyceraldehyde or to other intermediates, excited electrons reduce irreversible dye and this reduction is connected with change of the color. Due to the presence of glycerol, it comes to good charge separation and the reduction of dye is comparing to oxidative reaction (e.g. oxidation of azodye in aqueous solution) very quick and takes few seconds.

The assessment of photocatalytic activity is based on graphical analysis of sample cover with thin film of ink. Photocatalytic activity is than expressed as a time needed for 90% of overall color change of ink film.

Dimension of sample:

At least 8 samples (2,5x 2,5 cm) thickness 3 mm.

On the bottom there is illustrated an example of reduction of Resazurin on commercial self -cleaning glass and on reference sample without active layer. On the self-cleaning glass it comes to reduction of Resazurin to Resorufin which is connected with the color change form blue to pink. On the reference sample without active layer the photocatalytic reduction of Resazurin does not occur.

originál

Color change of Resazurin on commercial self- cleaning glass (up) and reference inactive sample (bottom). 

 

Contact:

Skupina Fotokatalytické materiály a technologie
Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Žižkova 7, 278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou

baudysm@vscht.cz
Tel. 220 446 131

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Using of biotechnologies in building industry and environment protection, using of secondary raw materials

 

Technopark Kralupy in collaboration with The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague pursues in fields of microbiology, biotechnology, environmental technology and using of wastes as a secondary raw materials following activities:

 

  • Isolation and determination of bacterial and fungal contamination of external masonry (plasters), internal spaces (walls - wood, masonry, decorating), floors (various floorings – linoleum, wood, various types of floating floors etc., ceilings, cellars etc.)

 

 

 

 originál

Microscope, equipped with fluorescent attachment and digital camera

 

  • Isolation and determination of presence of degradeting microflora and her biodiversity in a soil contaminate by organic pollutants on building sites
  • Isolation and determination of microbial contamination in the air of contaminated buildings - rooms
  • Determination of microbial purity of water sources (water wells, running and stagnant water etc.)

 

 šířka 450px

 

Laminar boxes

  • Biodecontamination of soils, waste, ground and surface waters contaminated by organic pollutants (oil hydrocarbons – petrol, disel oil, mineral oil, dissolving agents and aromatic hydrocarbons cokechemical origin)

 

At this activity it is used the biodegradable effect of blend of microorganismgenus Acinetobacter and Klebsiella, usually in a demobilized form in a flow bioreactor.

 

 šířka 450px

Inner filling of flow bioreactor

 

 

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Purification course of ground water contamitated by kerosine using flow bioreactor

 

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Purification of waste water using flow bioreactor

 

Bioremediation technology gain sense by a need to decontamitate interal premises of halls, courtyards and historically preservated objects, where is very limited possibility of removing of pollutants from floors, soil, subsoil etc. Typical example is the bioremediation of brick floor of  riding hall on the Lednice castle.

    

  • Using of  mycorrhiza in combination with bio coal on planting and growing of plants when afforesting and optimalizing of urbanism

 

Application of mycorrhizal fungi in a combination with bio coal, supplemented by a fertilizers and hydrocolloids is attractive especially by growing forest woody plants on bare spaces, places used for pooring of material of mining, in areas with deficiency of soil moisture, microflora and nutriens.

 

 šířka 450px

 

Cultures of ektomycorrhizal fungi on GKCH agar

 

 

 šířka 450px

 

Planting material inokulated by ektomymycorrhizal fungius

 

Application of mycorrhizal fungi with bio coal brings following advantages:

- increased lenght of roots

- enlarged surface for receipt of mineral nutriens,

- possibility of exploitation bigger volume of soil,

- increased intake of mineral nutrients and some microelements,

- selective absorption of some ions from a soil,

- better possibility use of very low concentrations of nutriens in a soil,

- better use of some inaccessible nutriens forms,

- improved resistance against invasion of root pests and parasites,

- improved tolerance against toxins,

- improved tolerance against low temperatures and stressful influence of dryness

- improved tolerance to changes of pH 

- radical improving of quality and fertility of soil via improvement of water regime,

- improving of cations exchange capacity (CEC),

- reduction of quantity applied artificial fertilizers,

- reduction of flush out of nutrients,

- increasing of available elements Ca, Mg, P and K in soil,

- reduction of content carbon dioxine and next greenhouse gases in air,

- reduction of emissions of nitrous oxide and methane,

- better structure of soil and ability to retain moisture,

- support growth of mycorrhizal fungi include vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza,

- increasing of microbial biomass in the soil and soil microbial respiration,

- increasing of soil aggregation in consequence of increase fungal hyphae,

- significant reduction of risk of occurrence of plants diseases 

a significant reduction in the risk of occurrence of plant diseases,

- support symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes plants.

  • Surface protection of building materials prior to the occurrence and development of mold in the interior and exterior

 

Using catalysts photoproducts

To prepare the catalysts photoproducts was worked out in which it is used as a starting material waste from titanium engineering production of medical devices and special resistant materials based on titanium.

 Obtained photolytic catalysts are used not only in removing the mold, but also for the disposal of organic pollutants contained in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, in cigarette smoke in the flue exhibiting undesirable odor of the product range of technologies like.

 šířka 450px

 

Efficacy photolytic catalyst rhodamine B

 

 šířka 450px

 

 Inhibitory effect on growth of photolytic catalyst Aspergillus niger

Using "smart sponge" Pythium oligandrum

šířka 450px 

Pythium oligandrum

 

šířka 450px 

 

Cultivation of 'smart sponges' Pythium oligandrum on a solid substrate

šířka 450px  

 Zoospore Pythium oligandrum

  • Processing technology and utilization of waste rubber

 

Contact:

Group of Mikrobial contamination

Miroslav.Marek@vscht.cz
Tel. 220 446 106, 776 805 452

 

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Central laboratory service 

Head of department of central laboratory

 Researcher

Guarantory institute of UCT Prague

 RNDr František Novák, CSc. 

Mgr. Hana Hrabalová 

 Central laboratory of UCT Prague

 

výška 215px

 

 

výška 215px

 

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Central laboratory works in Technopark for internal branch project groups and as a service for external customers. It is equipped by the apparates installed in central laboratory and uses apparates of other laboratories of branches project groups too.

 

Another important function of department of Central laboratory service of Technopark Kralupy is a possibility to provide technical consultancy in field of  materials and changes of theirs properties.  These services can be use for determining composition of unknown samples or recommending of suitale method to finding out of required informations.

Overwiev of used methods and offered services

Standardized methods

Installed apparates

 

Thermic analysis

UV-VIS spectrometry

Raman and infrared spectrometry

ICP-OES spectrometry

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Setaram Evo TGA/DTA

 

UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer Shimadzu

 

FTIR-Raman spectrometer Nicolet

 

Spectrometer Agilent 5100  ICP-OES

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Thermic analysis

 

originál

Installed apparat:   

Setaram Evo TGA/DTA

 

– Measuring range to 1400 (1600) ° C

– Sample weight 30 – 40 mg
– Measuring in dynamical atmosfphere N2, air or Ar
– identification and qualifications (of minerals) by changing their weight and temperature during the warming  (comparation with the standard)
– study of  progress of reactions in a sample by the change of temperature

– prediction of  behaviour of materials by increased temperatures

 

Applictions:

Owewrseeing of thermal dissociation of homogenous materials (weight loss, exo- and edothermic processes) of:

  • silicates
  • polymers

UV-Vis spectrophotometry 

originál

Installed apparatus:

UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometr Shimadzu UV-2600

 

Applications:

  • Measuring of apsorption spectra in the visible, UV and near IR zone of spectrum
  • Determination of concentration representative substances in aqueous solutions

Infrared and Raman spectrophotometry

originál

Installed apparatus:

FTIR-Raman spectrometr Nicolet iS50

 

Applications:

Characterization and  identification of:

  • Polymers
  • Silicates, building materials
  • Comparation of the sample with the standard
  • Structural characterization

Optical emission spectrometry with inductively bounted plasma

originál

Installed apparatus:

Spectrometr Agilent 5100  ICP-OES

 

Applications:

Determination of trace concentrations of metallic ions

  • in dilluted aqueous solutions (waters) 
  • in the ash extracts

Another specialized analyses are available in Central laboratories of UCT Prague

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Summary of all activities of Metallic Construction Materials group is here.

Information on the actual corrosion aggressiveness of environment is crucial for effective corrosion protection. Implementation of on-line and real time monitoring enables operators to take immediate countermeasures if corrosion is accelerating and decrease thus the negative impact and costs of corrosion.

The principle of the resistometric monitoring is simple and yet highly effective. The electric resistance of a measuring element made of the material of interest increases as its cross-sectional area decreases due to corrosion. In practice, two such elements are built into a probe. One element is exposed to the corrosive environment and corrodes, whereas the other element is shielded and, thus, protected from corrosion. The resistances of both elements are measured at the same time and resistivity changes due to varying temperature are compensated for. Based on the initial cross-sectional area of the exposed element, the cumulative metal loss at the time of reading can be determined.   

Example of corrosion monitoring record

Schematic drawing of a corrosion sensor

 Measurement with brass sensors with different coatings exposed in air polluted with acetic acid

 

Schematic drawing shows a resistometric sensor for atmospheric applications with the sensing part on the left hand side and the reference part on the right

                                                                               

We offer design, installation, maintenance and data evaluation of corrosion monitoring systems.

AirCorr I logger AirCorr I Plus logger AirCorr O logger

 

 

Advantages of MetriCorr and AirCorr sensors and loggers we use:

  • Continuous monitoring of sensor thickness reduction (residual sensor thickness).
  • Assessment of the total and actual corrosion rate and corrosion aggressiveness of the environment.
  • Short response time and high sensitivity.
  • Universal applicability in soil, atmosphere, water and other liquids without limitations by electric conductivity.
  • Small sensor size allowing for easy installation even in constrained areas.
  • Corrosion monitoring for a wide range of materials; sensors made of steel, zinc, copper, silver, lead, aluminium, tin, brass and bronze are available.
  • Sensors made of practically any pure of alloy metal can be produced upon request.

  Logger ACD-03 from Metricorr

Resistometric sensors can be used for monitoring of

  • Corrosion rate of steel rebar in concrete.
  • Efficiency of cathodic protection of buried structures such as pipelines.
  • Corrosion aggressiveness during transport of products.
  • Efficiency of air quality control in museums, archives and computer rooms.
  • Corrosivity in industrial environments.

 

About us

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

 

Contact

Department of Metallic Construction Materials
Technopark Kralupy of the University of Chemistry and Technology Prague

Technopark Kralupy VŠCHT Praha
Náměstí G. Karse 7
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

kovy@technopark-kralupy.cz
Phone: +420 220 446 104, +420 723 242 413

© 2017–2020 Technopark Kralupy

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Profile

Technopark Kralupy of The University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a scientific – technical park with focussion on innovation in building chemistry and in related material fields.

[ikona] => [obrazek] => 0003~~M9Qz1IsvyS8oNQQA.jpg [obsah] =>

Technopark Kralupy

was established by the University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague (hereafter UCT Prague) as their separated research facility with the use of European subsidies.

Technopark Kralupy was built by UCT Prague in 2013-2014 when reconstructing the abandoned industrial mill in the center of Kralupy nad Vltavou.

We are

scientific - research institute focusing on building chemistry and other related fields.

We have

a team of highly qualified researchers, capable of carrying out even the most demanding assignments in the field of construction chemicals and materials engineering.

We also have the top laboratory equipment, allowing us to take even the most demanding challenges in the field of research and development.

Technopark Kralupy

University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague is a project whose goal was to build and at the time of its sustainability further develop infrastructure for research and innovation activities of the chemistry technologies.

We provide

the services of qualified applied research and development using the potential of experienced researchers and young researchers at universities too.

We offer

also the possibility of renting our labs for your research activities.

We provide also

consultancy and advisory activities.

Our goal

is also popularizing science among school students in the region.

 

Technopark Kralupy

meets the requirments internationally recognized definition of science and technology park that provides highly qualified services.

Technopark Kralupy is a spin-off of The University of Chemistry and Technology Prague serving the Czech and international industry in the field of building chemistry and similar subjects since 2015.

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Address and coordinates

       
Technopark Kralupy Vysoké školy chemicko-technologické v Praze
Náměstí G. Karse 7/2
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

 

Coordinates           
coordnates GPS: 50°14'28.793"N, 14°18'43.325"E

 

Phone              
+420 220 446 100

e-mail                 
info@technopark-kralupy.cz

web                     
www.technopark-kralupy.cz

 

[ikona] => [obrazek] => 8_R1jzc0sjDMN8wFAA.jpg [pozadi] => [obsah] =>

Getting Here Details

 

Access road by a car from Prague - Dejvice (headquarters  of The University of Chemistry and Technology)

Drive in direction to Suchdol and keep straight on taking the road Nr. 240. You will drive through village Černý Vůl, Velké Přílepy and Tursko to the outskirt of town of Kralupy. Drive through Kralupy in direction Veltrusy and Neratovice. Past the main roundabout go under the railway and on the next roundabout turn to the right. You will see the building of Technopark in front of you. Reserved parking space for visitors and employees of the Technopark is located behind the building of Technopark – go past the building of Technopark and turn right.

To pick up the barrier in front of the car park, please contact our reception (reception opening hours 7.00 - 15.00) via the intercom or the person you are visiting directly.

  Road by a car from Dejvice (map)

 

Access road by a car from Prague taking the highway D8

 Use city exit in direction to Teplice, that converts into the motorway D8. Leave the motorway on EXIT 9 Úžice (cca 10km from outskirts of Prague). From the roundabout turn to Kralupy and Veltrusy direction,  on the next roundabout go straight and on the next crossroad turn to right. Drive cca 100m, to the next roundabout and turn left to the Kralupy. Now keep straight to the periphery of Kralupy and drive up to large roundabout  next to the industry area. Turn to left to the housing estate of town, and cross the all the crossroads straight to the bridge. Past the bridge on the next roundabout turn to left. The building of Technopark you will see in front of you. Reserved parking space for visitors and employees of the Technopatk you will find behind the building of Technopark – go past the building of Technopark and turn right.

 Road from motorway D8 (map)

 

By a train

From Prague – “Hlavní nádraží” (Main station), station “Masarykovo nádraží”, station “Praha – Holešovice” or train stop “Podbaba” depart the trains in direction to Kralupy.  This is the nearest stop from headquarters of The University of Chemistry and Technology. The stop is located close the terminal stop of tram “Podbaba” . Go behind the petrol station and use the underpass to come to peron of the stop in direction Kralupy. The journey takes about 25 min. From the building of station “Kralupy nad Vltavou” turn to the left and after cca 50m turn to the right to street “Žižkova” in direction to “Komenského”  square. You will find the building of the Technopark on the left side of the street.

 

By a bus

From Prague – station of the subway “Kobylisy” (line “C”) depart at hourly intervals buses Nr. 370 in direction Kralupy nad Vltavou. The journey takes cca 50 min. Get off the bus on bus stop “Městský úřad Kralupy”, this station is next to Technopark. The entrance is on the opposite side of building.

Train/bus timetables (IDOS)

How you will find us in Kralupy (map)

 

 

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Děkujeme!

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DATA


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Address and coordinates

       
Technopark Kralupy Vysoké školy chemicko-technologické v Praze
Náměstí G. Karse 7/2
278 01 Kralupy nad Vltavou
Czech Republic

 

Coordinates           
coordnates GPS: 50°14'28.793"N, 14°18'43.325"E

 

Phone              
+420 220 446 100

e-mail                 
info@technopark-kralupy.cz

web                     
www.technopark-kralupy.cz

 

[ikona] => [obrazek] => 8_R1jzc0sjDMN8wFAA.jpg [ogobrazek] => [pozadi] => [obsah] =>

Getting Here Details

 

Access road by a car from Prague - Dejvice (headquarters  of The University of Chemistry and Technology)

Drive in direction to Suchdol and keep straight on taking the road Nr. 240. You will drive through village Černý Vůl, Velké Přílepy and Tursko to the outskirt of town of Kralupy. Drive through Kralupy in direction Veltrusy and Neratovice. Past the main roundabout go under the railway and on the next roundabout turn to the right. You will see the building of Technopark in front of you. Reserved parking space for visitors and employees of the Technopark is located behind the building of Technopark – go past the building of Technopark and turn right.

To pick up the barrier in front of the car park, please contact our reception (reception opening hours 7.00 - 15.00) via the intercom or the person you are visiting directly.

  Road by a car from Dejvice (map)

 

Access road by a car from Prague taking the highway D8

 Use city exit in direction to Teplice, that converts into the motorway D8. Leave the motorway on EXIT 9 Úžice (cca 10km from outskirts of Prague). From the roundabout turn to Kralupy and Veltrusy direction,  on the next roundabout go straight and on the next crossroad turn to right. Drive cca 100m, to the next roundabout and turn left to the Kralupy. Now keep straight to the periphery of Kralupy and drive up to large roundabout  next to the industry area. Turn to left to the housing estate of town, and cross the all the crossroads straight to the bridge. Past the bridge on the next roundabout turn to left. The building of Technopark you will see in front of you. Reserved parking space for visitors and employees of the Technopatk you will find behind the building of Technopark – go past the building of Technopark and turn right.

 Road from motorway D8 (map)

 

By a train

From Prague – “Hlavní nádraží” (Main station), station “Masarykovo nádraží”, station “Praha – Holešovice” or train stop “Podbaba” depart the trains in direction to Kralupy.  This is the nearest stop from headquarters of The University of Chemistry and Technology. The stop is located close the terminal stop of tram “Podbaba” . Go behind the petrol station and use the underpass to come to peron of the stop in direction Kralupy. The journey takes about 25 min. From the building of station “Kralupy nad Vltavou” turn to the left and after cca 50m turn to the right to street “Žižkova” in direction to “Komenského”  square. You will find the building of the Technopark on the left side of the street.

 

By a bus

From Prague – station of the subway “Kobylisy” (line “C”) depart at hourly intervals buses Nr. 370 in direction Kralupy nad Vltavou. The journey takes cca 50 min. Get off the bus on bus stop “Městský úřad Kralupy”, this station is next to Technopark. The entrance is on the opposite side of building.

Train/bus timetables (IDOS)

How you will find us in Kralupy (map)

 

 

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VTP
Technopark Kralupy
Náměstí G. Karse 7/2
Kralupy nad Vltavou
278 01

info@technopark-kralupy.cz
© 2017 Technopark Kralupy
eu
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